Temperature Converter
Convert between Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin with precise thermodynamic formulas.
Enter Temperature and Scales
Table of Contents
Complete Guide to Temperature Scales
Temperature measures how hot or cold a body is relative to a reference. Celsius (°C) anchors everyday weather and cooking in most countries. Fahrenheit (°F) remains common in the United States for weather and ovens. Kelvin (K) is the SI absolute scale: 0 K is absolute zero and room temperature is about 293 K.
Reference points at standard pressure
| Event | °C | °F | K |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water freezes | 0 | 32 | 273.15 |
| Room temperature (approx.) | 20 | 68 | 293.15 |
| Water boils | 100 | 212 | 373.15 |
Absolute zero and Kelvin
Kelvin never uses degrees in formal notation (write 300 K, not 300°K). Negative Kelvin values are impossible in classical thermodynamics. Celsius can be negative; Fahrenheit can be negative as well, but both scales cross absolute zero only in theoretical discussion.
Oven dials, weather apps, and lab instruments may round differently. This tool uses full floating-point precision; round only when displaying to users.
Frequently asked questions
- Is Celsius the same size as Kelvin?
- Yes for differences: a change of 1 °C equals a change of 1 K. Only the zero points differ by 273.15.
- Why do US forecasts use Fahrenheit?
- Historical convention. The scale was defined before SI adoption and remains familiar to US audiences.
- Can Kelvin be negative?
- Not in classical thermodynamics. Negative Celsius or Fahrenheit values are common; Kelvin starts at absolute zero.
- Do heat and temperature convert the same way?
- No. This tool converts temperature scales. Heat energy depends on mass and specific heat capacity.
- Which scale do scientists prefer?
- Kelvin for thermodynamics and gas laws; Celsius for everyday lab work when offsets are easier to interpret.
- Does altitude change boiling point?
- Yes. Water boils below 100 °C at higher elevation because atmospheric pressure is lower. Temperature conversions still use the same formulas.
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Temperature Conversion Formulas
Conversions pass through Celsius. From Fahrenheit: °C = (°F - 32) × 5/9. To Fahrenheit: °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Kelvin: K = °C + 273.15 and °C = K - 273.15.
Kelvin and Celsius share the same step size (1 K = 1 °C difference), so only the zero point changes. Never use the same offset when converting between Fahrenheit and Kelvin without going through Celsius first.
Pro Tip:
For quick mental conversion from °C to °F when traveling, double the Celsius value and add 30. The result is usually within a few degrees of the exact formula.
How to Convert Temperature
Enter the reading you have, pick the source scale and target scale, then submit. For mental math, convert to Celsius first, then to the final scale.
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1Type the temperature value you measured or read from a device.
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2Choose the scale of your input (From) and the scale you need (To).
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3Click Convert Temperature to see the result.
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4Cross-check against a known reference (for example 100 °C = 212 °F) if the reading seems wrong.
Quick sanity check:
Body temperature is about 37 °C or 98.6 °F. If you convert oven settings, remember US recipes often use °F while EU recipes use °C fan or conventional.
Common Use Cases
Different fields standardize on different scales. Pick the output scale that matches your audience or equipment.
Cooking and baking
US oven recipes use °F; most of Europe lists °C. Convection fan ovens often need 20 °C lower than conventional settings.
HVAC and refrigeration
Thermostats may show °C or °F depending on region. Superheat and subcooling diagnostics in HVAC use °F in North America and °C elsewhere.
Science and engineering
SI calculations use Kelvin for absolute temperature and often Celsius for temperature differences.
Travel and weather
Weather forecasts in the US use °F; most other countries report °C. Quick mental rule: double °C and add 30 for a rough °F estimate.
Medical thermometers may default to °C or °F based on locale; always check the unit printed on the display.
Practical Examples
Worked conversions using the same formulas as this calculator.
Example 120 °C to °F
20 × 9/5 + 32 = 68 °F
Example 298.6 °F to °C
(98.6 - 32) × 5/9 ≈ 37 °C
Example 3300 K to °C
300 - 273.15 = 26.85 °C
Example 4350 °F oven to °C
(350 - 32) × 5/9 ≈ 176.67 °C